SATELLITE NAME LAUNCH DATE LAUNCH VEHICLE OWNER/OPERATOR
ACTS SEPTEMBER 12,1993 Space shuttle/transfer Orbit Stage AKM NASA LEWIS
AFRISTAR October 28,1998 Ariane WORLDSPACE
AGILA 1 March 21,1987 Delta 3920 MABUHAY PHILIPPINES SATELLITE
AGILA 2 August 19,1997 Long March 3B LORAL SKYNET
AMOS 1 May 16,1996 Ariane SPACECOMLTD
AMSC-1 April 7,1995 Atias Centaur llAS AMERICAN MOBILE SATELLITE CORPORATION-AMSC
ANIK C1 12 April,1985 Space Shuttle PARACOM S.A. C/O DE LA PENA&ASSOCIATES
ANIK E1 september 26,1991 Ariane AR4 TELESAT CANADA
ANIK E2 APril 4,1991 Ariane AR4 TELESAT CANADA
APSTAR 1 July 21,1994 Long March 3 APT SATELLITE COMPANY LTD.
APSTAR1 A July 3,1996 Long March 3 APT SATELLITE COMPANY LTD.
APSTAR 2R October 17,1997 Long March 3B APT SATELLITE COMPANY LTD.
ARABSAT 1-C February 26,1993 Ariane ARABSAT
ARABSAT2A July 9,1996 Ariane ARABSAT
ARABSAT 2B November 13,1996 Ariane 44L ARABSAT
ARABSAT 3A February 26,1999 Ariane ARABSAT
ASIASAT 1 April 7,1990 Long March 3 ASIA SATELLITE TELE COMMUNICATIONS CO.LTD(ASIASAT)
ASIASAT 2 November 28,1995 Long March -2E ASIA SATELLITE TELE COMMUNICATIONS CO.LTD(ASIASAT)
ASIASAT 3S March 21,1999 proton ASIA SATELLITE TELE COMMUNICATIONS CO.LTD(ASIASAT)
ASTRA 1A December 11,1988 Ariane 44LP SOCIETE EUROPEENNE DES SATELLITES
ASTRA 1B March 2,1991 Ariane 44LP SOCIETE EUROPEENNE DES SATELLITES
ASTRA 1C 12 May,1993 Ariane 42L SOCIETE EUROPEENNE DES SATELLITES
ASTRA 1D November 1,1994 Ariane 42P SOCIETE EUROPEENNE DES SATELLITES
ASTRA 1E October 19,1995 Ariane42L SOCIETE EUROPEENNE DES SATELLITES
ASTRA 1F April 9,1996 Proton D-1-e SOCIETE EUROPEENNE DES SATELLITES
ASTRA 1G December 2,1997 Proton D-1-e SOCIETE EUROPEENNE DES SATELLITES
ASTRA 2A August 30,1998 ILS Proton SOCIETE EUROPEENNE DES SATELLITES
BONUM 1 November 22,1998 Boeing Delta 2 MEDIA MOST
BRASILSAT A2 March,1986 Ariane 3 EMBRATEL-EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE TELECOMUNICACOES S.A.
BRASILSAT B1 August 10,1994 Ariane 4 EMBRATEL-EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE TELECOMUNICACOES S.A.
BRASILSAT B2 March 29,1995 Ariane 4 EMBRATEL-EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE TELECOMUNICACOES S.A.
BRASILSAT B3 February 4,1998 Ariane 44L EMBRATEL-EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE TELECOMUNICACOES S.A.
BS-3N July 9,1994 Ariane 44lp TELECOMM ADVANCEMENT ORGANIZATION OF JAPAN
BSAT-1a April 17,1997 Ariane 44lp TELECOMM ADVANCEMENT ORGANIZATION OF JAPAN
BSAT-1b April 29,1998 Ariane 4(mini-spelda) TELECOMM ADVANCEMENT ORGANIZATION OF JAPAN
CAKRAWARTA 1 November 12,1997 Ariane SATELINDO-PT SATELIT PALAPA INDONESIA
CHINASAT-1 March,1988 Long March LM3 CHINA TELECOMMUNICATIONS BROADCAST SATELLITE CORP.
CHINASAT-5 May 23,1984 Ariane 1 CHINA TELECOMMUNICATIONS BROADCAST SATELLITE CORP.
CHINASAT-6 May 12,1997 Long March LM-3A CHINA TELECOMMUNICATIONS BROADCAST SATELLITE CORP.
CHINASTAR 1 May 30,1998 Long March 3B CHINA ORIENT TELECOMM SATELLITE COMPANY
COLUMBIA 515 January 26,1989 Ariane V28 COLUMBIA COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION
COMSTAR D4 21 February,1981 Atlas Centaur COMSAT GENERAL CORPORATION
DBS 1 December 17,1993 Ariane 4 DIRECTV-USSB
DBS 2 August 3,1994 Atlas-Centaur DIRECTV
DBS 3 June 3,1995 Ariane 42P-V74 DIRECTV
DSCS II 30 October,1982 Titan 34D DEFENSE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AGENCY-DISA
DSCS III-B13 October 25,1997 Atlas IIA / IABS DEFENSE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AGENCY-DISA
DSP 1991 Shuttle AIRFORCE SPACE COMMAND
ECHOSTAR 1 December 28,1995 Long March 2E ECHOSTAR
ECHOSTAR 2 10 September,1996 Ariana 42p ECHOSTAR
ECHOSTAR 3 October 5,1997 Atlas IIAS ECHOSTAR
ECHOSTAR 4 May 8,1998 Proton ECHOSTAR
EGS(AJISAI) August 13,1986 H-I NASDA
EKRAN-M May 1988 RUSSIAN SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS COMPANY
ELEKTRO October 1,1994 Cyclone MINISTRY OF POSTS& TELECOMMUNICATIONS OF THE RUSSIAN
ERS-1 July 17,1991 Ariane V44 EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY
ERS-2 April 21,1995 Ariane V72 EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY
ETS-7 November 28,1997 H-2 NASDA
ETS-V(KIKU-5) August 27,1987 H-1 NASDA
EUTELSAT II-F1 August 30,1990 Ariane 4-V38 EUTELSAT
EUTELSAT II-F2 January 15,1991 Ariane V41 EUTELSAT
EUTELSAT II-F3 December 7,1991 Atlas-Centaur,AC-102 EUTELSAT
EUTELSAT II-F4 July 9,1992 Ariane V51 EUTELSAT
EUTELSAT W2 October 5,1998 Ariane 4 EUTELSAT
EUTELSAT W3 April 12,1999 Atlas 2 EUTELSAT
EXPRESS-F1 October 13,1994 Proton INTERSPUTNIK
EXPRESS-F2 September 25,1996 Proton INTERSPUTNIK
GALAXY 1R February 19,1994 Delta II PANAMSAT CORPORATION
GALAXY 3R December 15,1995 Lockheed Martin Atlas IIA PANAMSAT CORPORATION
GALAXY 5 March 13,1992 Atias-Centaur PANAMSAT CORPORATION
GALAXY 6 October 12,1990 Ariane 3 PANAMSAT CORPORATION
GALAXY 7 October 27,1992 Ariane 42p PANAMSAT CORPORATION
GALAXY 8 Edcember 8,1997 Atlas IIA PANAMSAT CORPORATION
GALAXY 9 May 23,1996 Delta 2 PANAMSAT CORPORATION
GALS 1 March,1994 SL-12Proton INTERSPUTNIK
GALS 2 November,1995 Proton INTERSPUTNIK
GE-1 September 8,1996 Atlas IIA GE AMERICOM
GE-2 January 30,1997 Ariane 42P GE AMERICOM
GE-3 September 4,1997 Atlas 2AS GE AMERICOM
GLOBALSTAR As of June 10,1999 28 Delta 2 and Soyuz GLOBALSTAR LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
GLONASS 1982 MINISTRY OF POSTS&TELECOM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
GMS-4(HIMAWARI-4) September 6,1989 H-I NASDA
GMS-5(HIMAWARI-5) March 18,1995 H-II NASDA Japan Meteorological Agency
GOES 10 April 25,1997 Atlas-Centaur NOAA-SATELLITE SERVICE
GOES 8 April 13,1994 Atlas-Centaur NOAA-SATELLITE SERVICE
GOES 9 May 23,1995 Atlas-Centaur NOAA-SATELLITE SERVICE
GORIZONT 22 December,1995 Proton RUSSIAN SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS COMPANY
GORIZONT 27 November,1992 Proton RUSSIAN SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS COMPANY
GORIZONT 31 November,1992 Proton RUSSIAN SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS COMPANY
GORIZONT 33 STATSIONAR-7 December,1995 Proton RUSSIAN SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS COMPANY
GORIZONT 36 STATSIONAR-21 April 2,1992 Proton RUSSIAN SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS COMPANY
GORIZONT 37 STATSIONAR-11 1992 Proton RUSSIAN SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS COMPANY
GORIZONT40 STATSIONAR-6 February 19,1994 Proton RUSSIAN SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS COMPANY
GORIZONT 44 STATSIONAR-5 1992 Proton RUSSIAN SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS COMPANY
GPS November 6,1997 Delta 221 AIR FORCE SPACE COMMAND
GPS 2A July 15,1997 Delta 2 AIR FORCE SPACE COMMAND
GSTAR IV November 20,1990 GE AMERICOM
HGS-1(Was ASIASAT 3) December 25,1997 Proton D-1-e HUGHES GLOBAL SERVICES
HISP ASAT 1A 10 September,1992 Ariane 4 HispASAT S.A.
HISP ASAT 1B 22 July,1993 Ariane 4 HispASAT S.A.
HOT BIRD 1 March 28,1995 Ariane EUTELSAT
HOT BIRD 2 November 21,1996 Atlas 2A EUTELSAT
HOT BIRD 3 September,2,1997 Ariane 4 EUTELSAT
HOT BIRD 4 27 February,1998 Ariane V106 EUTELSAT
HOT BIRD 5 October 9,1998 Atlas IIA EUTELSAT
IKONOS 2 Late 1999 Lockheed Martin Athena SPACE IMAGING
INMARSAT 2-F1 October 30,1990 Delta INMARSAT
INMARSAT 2-F2 March 8,1991 Delta INMARSAT
INMARSAT 2-F3 December 16,1991 Ariane 4 INMARSAT
INMARSAT 2-F4 April 15,1992 Ariane 4 INMARSAT
INMARSAT 3-F1 April 4,1996 Atlas 2A INMARSAT
INMARSAT 3-F2 September 6,1996 Proton INMARSAT
INMARSAT 3-F3 December 16,1996 Atlas 2A INMARSAT
INMARSAT 3-F4 June 4,1997 Ariane 44L INMARSAT
INMARSAT 3-F5 February 4,1998 Ariane 44L INMARSAT
INSAT 1D June 12,1990 Delta 4925 ISRO-INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION
INSAT 2A July 10,1992 Ariane ISRO-INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION
INSAT 2B July 22,1993 Ariane V58 ISRO-INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION
INSAT 2C December,6,1995 Ariane ISRO-INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION
INSAT 2DT 1998 Ariane ISRO-INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION
INSAT 2E April 2,1999 Ariane 4 ISRO-INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION
INTELSAST 510 22 March,1985 Atlas-Centaur AC-63 INTELAST
INTELSAST 511 June 29,1985 Atlas-Centaur AC-64 INTELAST
INTELSAST 601 October 29,1991 Ariane 44LP INTELAST
INTELSAST 602 October ,27,1989 Ariane 3 INTELAST
INTELSAST 603 March 14,1990 Titan III INTELAST
INTELSAST 604 June 23,1990 TitanIII INTELAST
INTELSAST 605 August 14,1991 Ariane 44LP INTELAST
INTELSAST 701 23 October,1993 Ariane 44LP INTELAST
INTELSAST 702 June 17,1994 Ariane 44LP INTELAST
INTELSAST 704 January 10,1995 Atlas Centaur IIAS INTELAST
INTELSAST 705 March 22,1995 Atlas Centaur IIAS INTELAST
INTELSAST 706 May 17,1995 Ariane 44LP INTELAST
INTELSAST 707 March 14,1996 Ariane 44P INTELAST
INTELSAST 709 June 15,1996 Ariane 44LP INTELAST
INTELSAST 801 February 28,1997 Ariane 44LP INTELAST
INTELSAST 802 June 25,1997 Ariane 44LP INTELAST
INTELSAST 804 December 21,1997 Long March 3B INTELAST
INTELSAST 805 June 18,1998 Atlas 2AS INTELAST
IRIDIUM November 6,1998 Proton,Delta and Long March IRIDIUMLLC
IRS-1C December 1995 PSLV ISRO INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION
IRS-1D September 29,1997 PSLV ISRO INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION
IRS-2P October,1993 VOSTOK ISRO INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION
ITALSAT F1 January 16,1991 Ariane 44Lp NUOVA TELESPAZIO S.P.A.
ITALSAT F2 August 8,1996 Ariane 44L NUOVA TELESPAZIO S.P.A.
JCSAT-2 January 1,1990 Titan III JAPAN SATELLITE SYSTEMS INC.(JSAT)
JCSAT-3 August 28,1995 Atlas Centaur IIAS JAPAN SATELLITE SYSTEMS INC.(JSAT)
JCSAT-4 Febuary 16,1997 Atlas 2AS JAPAN SATELLITE SYSTEMS INC.(JSAT)
JCSAT-5 December 2,1997 Ariane 4 JAPAN SATELLITE SYSTEMS INC.(JSAT)
JCSAT-6 February 15,1999 Atlas 2AS JAPAN SATELLITE SYSTEMS INC.(JSAT)
JERS-1 February 11,1992 H-1 NASDA
KOPERNIKUS 1 October 12,1992 Delta 2 DEUTSCHE TELEKOM AG
KOPERNIKUS 2 July 24,1990 Ariane 44lp DEUTSCHE TELEKOM AG
KOREASAT 1 August 5,1995 Delta 2,7925 KOREA TELECOM
KOREASAT 2 January 14,1996 Delta 2 KOREA TELECOM
LANDSAT 5 March 1,1984 Delta SPACE IMAGING
LEASAT F5 January,1990 Space Shuttle Columbia NAVAL SPACE COMMAND
LUCH 0 December 16,1994 INTERSPUTNIK
MARECS B2 9 November,1984 Ariane EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY
MARISAT F-2 14 October,1976 Delta 2914 COMSAT GENERAL CORPORATION
MEASAT 1 January 12,1996 Ariane 4 BINARIANG SDN.BHD.
MEASAT 2 November 14,1996 Ariane 44L BINARIANG SDN.BHO.
METEOSAT 5 March 2,1991 Ariane 44LP EUMETSAT
METEOSAT 6 November 20,1993 Ariane 44LP EUMETSAT
METEOSAT 7 September 3,1997 Ariane 4 EUMETSAT
MILSTAR-I February 7,1994 Titan 4D EPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
MILSTAR-II 1995 Titan 4D EPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
MOLNIYA October 24,1996 Proton MINISTRY OF POSTS&TELECOMM OF THE RUSSIAN fEDERATION
MORELOS 2 26 November,1985 Space Shuttle SATMEX-SATELITES MESICANOS, S.A.DE C.V.
MSAT 1 April 19,1996 Ariane 42p TMI COMMUNICATIONS COMPANY
N-STAR A August 29,1995 Ariane 44p NIPPON TELEGRAPH&TELEPHONE CORP-NTT
N-STAR B February 5,1996 Ariane 44p NIPPON TELEGRAPH&TELEPHONE CORP-NTT
NAHUELSAT 1 January 30,1997 Ariane NAHUELSAT
NATO VI A January 7,1991 Delta II NATO (Communications&information Systems Agency)
NATO VI B December 7,1993 Delta II NATO (Communications&information Systems Agency)
NILESAT 101 April 28,1998 Ariane EGYPTIAN SATELLITE COMPANY
NOAA-K May 13,1998 Titan 2 NOAA-Satellite Service
NSS 513 17 May,1988 Ariane V23 NEW SKIES SATELLITES,N.V.
NSS 703 October 5,1994 Atlas-Centaur II AS NEW SKIES SATELLITES,N.V.
NSS 803 September 23,1997 Ariane 42L-3 NEW SKIES SATELLITES,N.V.
NSS 806 February 27,1998 Atlas 2A NEW SKIES SATELLITES,N.V.
NSS K June 9,1992 Atlas-Centaur II NEW SKIES SATELLITES,N.V.
OPTUS B1 August 14,1992 Long March LM2E OPTUS COMMUNICATIONS PTY.LTD.
OPTUS B3 August 28,1994 Long March LM2E OPTUS COMMUNICATIONS PTY.LTD.
ORBCOM November,1998 Pegasus XL ORBCOMM GLOBAL L.P.
ORION AP-1 November 1,1998 Atlas LORAL SKYNET
ORION F1 November 29,1994 Atlas-Centaur II A LORAL SKYNET
PALAPA B2P March 21,1987 Delta 3920 SATELINDO-PT SATELIT PALAPA INDONESIA
PALAPA B2R March 21,1987 Delta 6925 SATELINDO-PT SATELIT PALAPA INDONESIA
PALAPA B4 April 14,1990 Delta 7925 SATELINDO-PT SATELIT PALAPA INDONESIA
PALAPA C1-SATELINDO May 14,1992 Atlas II AS SATELINDO-PT SATELIT PALAPA INDONESIA
PALAPA C2-SATELINDO January 31,1996 Ariane-44L SATELINDO-PT SATELIT PALAPA INDONESIA
PANAMSAT 1(PAS-1) June 15,1988 Ariane 401 PANAMSAT CORPORATION
PANAMSAT 2(PAS-2) July 8,1994 Ariane 44LP PANAMSAT CORPORATION
PANAMSAT 3(PAS-3R) January 12,1996 Ariane 44 PANAMSAT CORPORATION
PANAMSAT 4(PAS-4) August 3,1995 Ariane 42L PANAMSAT CORPORATION
PANAMSAT 5(PAS-5) August 28,1997 ILS Proton Block DM PANAMSAT CORPORATION
PANAMSAT 6(PAS-6) August 8,1997 Ariane 44P PANAMSAT CORPORATION
PANAMSAT 6B(PAS-6B) December 22,1998 Ariane 4 PANAMSAT CORPORATION
PANAMSAT 7(PAS-7) September 16,1998 Ariane PANAMSAT CORPORATION
PANAMSAT 8(PAS-8) November 4,1998 Proton K/DM4 PANAMSAT CORPORATION
RADARSAT 1 November 6,1995 Delta 2 RADARSAT INTERNATIONAL INC.
RADUGA 25-STATSIONAR-20 January,1995 Proton INTERSPUTNIK
RADUGA 30-STATSIONAR-3 December,1993 Proton INTERSPUTNIK
SATCOM C1 November 20,1990 Ariane 4 GE AMERICOM
SATCOM C3 September 10,1992 Ariane 44 LP GE AMERICOM
SATCOM C4 August 31,1992 Delta 2 GE AMERICOM
SATCOM C5(AURORA 2) May 21,1991 Delta 2 GE AMERICOM
SATCOM K1 January 12,1986 Space Shuttle GE AMERICOM
SATCOM K2 29 November,1985 Space Shuttle GE AMERICOM
SATMEX 5 December 5,1998 Ariane 44LP SATMEX-SATELITES MEXICANOS, S.A.DE C.V.
SBS 4 August 30,1984 Space Shuttle PANAMSAT CORPORATION
SBS 5 September 8,1988 Ariane 3 PANAMSAT CORPORATION
SBS 6 October 12,1990 Ariane 44LP PANAMSAT CORPORATION
SINOSAT 1 July 18,1998 Long March 38 SINO SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS COMPANY
SIRIUS 1 August 27,1989 Delta II NSAB-Nordiska Satellitaktiebolaget
SIRIUS 2 November 12,1997 Ariane 4 NSAB-Nordiska Satellitaktiebolaget
SIRIUS 3 October 5,1998 Ariane NSAB-Nordiska Satellitaktiebolaget
SKYNET 4A December 31,1989 TItan MINISTRY OF DEFENSE(Procurement Executive)
SKYNET 4C August 30,1990 Ariane 44LP MINISTRY OF DEFENSE(Procurement Executive)
SKYNET 4D January 10,1998 Delta 2 MINISTRY OF DEFENSE(Procurement Executive)
SKYNET 4E February 26,1999 Ariane MINISTRY OF DEFENSE(Procurement Executive)
SOLIDARIDAD 1 19 November,1993 Ariane SATMEX-SATELITES MEXICANOS,S.A.DE.C.V.
SOLIDARIDAD 2 October 7,1994 Ariane 44LP SATMEX-SATELITES MEXICANOS,S.A.DE.C.V.
SPACENET 3R March 11,1988 Ariane 3 GE AMERICOM
SPACENET 4 April 12,1991 Delta 2 GE AMERICOM
SPOT 1 February 22,1986 Ariane V16 CNES-CENTRE NATIONAL D'ETUDES SPATIALES
SPOT 2 January,21,1990 Ariane V35 CNES-CENTRE NATIONAL D'ETUDES SPATIALES
SPOT 4 March 24,1998 Ariane CNES-CENTRE NATIONAL D'ETUDES SPATIALES
ST-1 August 25,1998 Ariane SINGAPORE TELECOMMUNICATIONS LTD
SUNSAT March,1999 Delta 2/7920 STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY
SUPERBIRD A December 2,1992 Ariane 42P SPACE COMMUNICATIONS CORP.(SCC)
SUPERBIRD B 27 February 1992 Ariane 44LP SPACE COMMUNICATIONS CORP.(SCC)
SUPERBIRD C July 28,1997 Atlas 2AS SPACE COMMUNICATIONS CORP.(SCC)
TDF 2 27 October Ariane 2 EUTELSAT
TDRS 4 March Space shuttle NASA-NETWORK DIVISION
TDRS 5 P ACIFIC August 2,1991 Space shuttle Atlantis COLUMBIA COMMUNICATIONS COPRORATION
TDRS 6 January Space shuttle COLUMBIA COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION
TELE-X April 2,1989 Ariane 2 SWEDISH SPACE CORPORATION
TELECOM 2A December 16,1991 Ariane 44LP FRANCE TELECOM
TELECOM 2B April 15,1992 Ariane 44LP FRANCE TELECOM
TELECOM 2C December 6 1995 Ariane 44L FRANCE TELECOM
TELECOM 2D August 8,1996 Ariane FRANCE TELECOM
TELSTAR 4 September 23,1995 Ariane LORAL SKYNET
TELSTAR 5 May 24,1997 ILS-Proton LORAL SKYNET
TELSTAR 6 February 15,1999 Proton LORAL SKYNET
TEMPO 2 March 8,1997 Atlas-Centaur 2AS TELECOMMUNICATIONS.-TCL(TEMPO)
THAICOM 1 December 17,1993 Ariane 44L SHINAWATRA SATELLITE PLC
THAICOM 2 October 7,1994 Ariane 4 SHINAWATRA SATELLITE PLC
THAICOM 3 April 16,1997 Ariane 44Lp SHINAWATRA SATELLITE PLC
THOR 1 18 August ,1990 Delta TELNOR A.S
THOR 2A May 20,1997 Delta 2 TELNOR A.S
THOR 3 June 9,1998 Delta 2-7925 TELNOR A.S
TURKSAT 1B 11 August,1994 Ariane TURK TELEKOMUNIKASYON A.S
TURKSAT 1C July 9,1996 Ariane TURK TELEKOMUNIKASYON A.S
TV SAT 2 August 9,1989 Ariane 44LP EUTELSAT
UHF FOLLOW ON October 19,1998 Latest Launch NAVAL SPACE COMMAND
ULYSSES October 6,1990 Space Shuttle EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY
